Promise.prototype.then()

then(onFulfilled)
then(onFulfilled, onRejected)

const pendingPromise = new Promise(() => {});
while (true) {
  pendingPromise.then(doSomething);
}

const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("Success!");
  // or
  // reject(new Error("Error!"));
});

p1.then(
  (value) => {
    console.log(value); // Success!
  },
  (reason) => {
    console.error(reason); // Error!
  },
);

Promise.resolve(1).then(2).then(console.log); // 1
Promise.reject(1).then(2, 2).then(console.log, console.log); // 1

Promise.resolve("foo")
  // 1. Receive "foo", concatenate "bar" to it, and resolve that to the next then
  .then(
    (string) =>
      new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          string += "bar";
          resolve(string);
        }, 1);
      }),
  )
  // 2. receive "foobar", register a callback function to work on that string
  // and print it to the console, but not before returning the unworked on
  // string to the next then
  .then((string) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      string += "baz";
      console.log(string); // foobarbaz
    }, 1);
    return string;
  })
  // 3. print helpful messages about how the code in this section will be run
  // before the string is actually processed by the mocked asynchronous code in the
  // previous then block.
  .then((string) => {
    console.log(
      "Last Then: oops... didn't bother to instantiate and return a promise in the prior then so the sequence may be a bit surprising",
    );

    // Note that `string` will not have the 'baz' bit of it at this point. This
    // is because we mocked that to happen asynchronously with a setTimeout function
    console.log(string); // foobar
  });

// Logs, in order:
// Last Then: oops... didn't bother to instantiate and return a promise in the prior then so the sequence may be a bit surprising
// foobar
// foobarbaz

const p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve(1);
});

p2.then((value) => {
  console.log(value); // 1
  return value + 1;
}).then((value) => {
  console.log(value, "- A synchronous value works"); // 2 - A synchronous value works
});

p2.then((value) => {
  console.log(value); // 1
});

Promise.resolve()
  .then(() => {
    // Makes .then() return a rejected promise
    throw new Error("Oh no!");
  })
  .then(
    () => {
      console.log("Not called.");
    },
    (error) => {
      console.error(`onRejected function called: ${error.message}`);
    },
  );

Promise.resolve()
  .then(() => {
    // Makes .then() return a rejected promise
    throw new Error("Oh no!");
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(`onRejected function called: ${error.message}`);
  })
  .then(() => {
    console.log("I am always called even if the prior then's promise rejects");
  });

Promise.reject()
  .then(
    () => 99,
    () => 42,
  ) // onRejected returns 42 which is wrapped in a fulfilled Promise
  .then((solution) => console.log(`Resolved with ${solution}`)); // Fulfilled with 42

function resolveLater(resolve, reject) {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve(10);
  }, 1000);
}
function rejectLater(resolve, reject) {
  setTimeout(() => {
    reject(new Error("Error"));
  }, 1000);
}

const p1 = Promise.resolve("foo");
const p2 = p1.then(() => {
  // Return promise here, that will be resolved to 10 after 1 second
  return new Promise(resolveLater);
});
p2.then(
  (v) => {
    console.log("resolved", v); // "resolved", 10
  },
  (e) => {
    // not called
    console.error("rejected", e);
  },
);

const p3 = p1.then(() => {
  // Return promise here, that will be rejected with 'Error' after 1 second
  return new Promise(rejectLater);
});
p3.then(
  (v) => {
    // not called
    console.log("resolved", v);
  },
  (e) => {
    console.error("rejected", e); // "rejected", 'Error'
  },
);

function fetchCurrentData() {
  // The fetch() API returns a Promise. This function
  // exposes a similar API, except the fulfillment
  // value of this function's Promise has had more
  // work done on it.
  return fetch("current-data.json").then((response) => {
    if (response.headers.get("content-type") !== "application/json") {
      throw new TypeError();
    }
    const j = response.json();
    // maybe do something with j

    // fulfillment value given to user of
    // fetchCurrentData().then()
    return j;
  });
}

// Using a resolved promise 'resolvedProm' for example,
// the function call 'resolvedProm.then(...)' returns a new promise immediately,
// but its handler '(value) => {...}' will get called asynchronously as demonstrated by the console.logs.
// the new promise is assigned to 'thenProm',
// and thenProm will be resolved with the value returned by handler
const resolvedProm = Promise.resolve(33);
console.log(resolvedProm);

const thenProm = resolvedProm.then((value) => {
  console.log(
    `this gets called after the end of the main stack. the value received is: ${value}, the value returned is: ${
      value + 1
    }`,
  );
  return value + 1;
});
console.log(thenProm);

// Using setTimeout, we can postpone the execution of a function to the moment the stack is empty
setTimeout(() => {
  console.log(thenProm);
});

// Logs, in order:
// Promise {[[PromiseStatus]]: "resolved", [[PromiseResult]]: 33}
// Promise {[[PromiseStatus]]: "pending", [[PromiseResult]]: undefined}
// "this gets called after the end of the main stack. the value received is: 33, the value returned is: 34"
// Promise {[[PromiseStatus]]: "resolved", [[PromiseResult]]: 34}