String.prototype.split()

const str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";

const words = str.split(" ");
console.log(words[3]);
// Expected output: "fox"

const chars = str.split("");
console.log(chars[8]);
// Expected output: "k"

const strCopy = str.split();
console.log(strCopy);
// Expected output: Array ["The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."]

split(separator)
split(separator, limit)

"😄😄".split(/(?:)/); // [ "\ud83d", "\ude04", "\ud83d", "\ude04" ]
"😄😄".split(/(?:)/u); // [ "😄", "😄" ]

const emptyString = "";

// string is empty and separator is non-empty
console.log(emptyString.split("a"));
// [""]

// string and separator are both empty strings
console.log(emptyString.split(emptyString));
// []

function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) {
  const arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator);

  console.log("The original string is:", stringToSplit);
  console.log("The separator is:", separator);
  console.log(
    "The array has",
    arrayOfStrings.length,
    "elements:",
    arrayOfStrings.join(" / "),
  );
}

const tempestString = "Oh brave new world that has such people in it.";
const monthString = "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec";

const space = " ";
const comma = ",";

splitString(tempestString, space);
splitString(tempestString);
splitString(monthString, comma);

const names = "Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand ";

console.log(names);

const re = /\s*(?:;|$)\s*/;
const nameList = names.split(re);

console.log(nameList);

const myString = "Hello World. How are you doing?";
const splits = myString.split(" ", 3);

console.log(splits); // [ "Hello", "World.", "How" ]

const myString = "Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2.";
const splits = myString.split(/(\d)/);

console.log(splits);
// [ "Hello ", "1", " word. Sentence number ", "2", "." ]

const splitByNumber = {
  [Symbol.split](str) {
    let num = 1;
    let pos = 0;
    const result = [];
    while (pos < str.length) {
      const matchPos = str.indexOf(num, pos);
      if (matchPos === -1) {
        result.push(str.substring(pos));
        break;
      }
      result.push(str.substring(pos, matchPos));
      pos = matchPos + String(num).length;
      num++;
    }
    return result;
  },
};

const myString = "a1bc2c5d3e4f";
console.log(myString.split(splitByNumber)); // [ "a", "bc", "c5d", "e", "f" ]

const DELIMITER = ";";

// Split the commands, but remove any invalid or unnecessary values.
const splitCommands = {
  [Symbol.split](str, lim) {
    const results = [];
    const state = {
      on: false,
      brightness: {
        current: 2,
        min: 1,
        max: 3,
      },
    };
    let pos = 0;
    let matchPos = str.indexOf(DELIMITER, pos);

    while (matchPos !== -1) {
      const subString = str.slice(pos, matchPos).trim();

      switch (subString) {
        case "light on":
          // If the `on` state is already true, do nothing.
          if (!state.on) {
            state.on = true;
            results.push(subString);
          }
          break;

        case "light off":
          // If the `on` state is already false, do nothing.
          if (state.on) {
            state.on = false;
            results.push(subString);
          }
          break;

        case "brightness up":
          // Enforce a brightness maximum.
          if (state.brightness.current < state.brightness.max) {
            state.brightness.current += 1;
            results.push(subString);
          }
          break;

        case "brightness down":
          // Enforce a brightness minimum.
          if (state.brightness.current > state.brightness.min) {
            state.brightness.current -= 1;
            results.push(subString);
          }
          break;
      }

      if (results.length === lim) {
        break;
      }

      pos = matchPos + DELIMITER.length;
      matchPos = str.indexOf(DELIMITER, pos);
    }

    // If we broke early due to reaching the split `lim`, don't add the remaining commands.
    if (results.length < lim) {
      results.push(str.slice(pos).trim());
    }

    return results;
  },
};

const commands =
  "light on; brightness up; brightness up; brightness up; light on; brightness down; brightness down; light off";
console.log(commands.split(splitCommands, 3)); // ["light on", "brightness up", "brightness down"]