webRequest.filterResponseData()

let filter = browser.webRequest.filterResponseData(
  requestId       // string
)

let filter = browser.webRequest.filterResponseData(details.requestId);
filter.ondata = (event) => {
  console.log(`filter.ondata received ${event.data.byteLength} bytes`);
  filter.write(event.data);
};
filter.onstop = (event) => {
  // The extension should always call filter.close() or filter.disconnect()
  // after creating the StreamFilter, otherwise the response is kept alive forever.
  // If processing of the response data is finished, use close. If any remaining
  // response data should be processed by Firefox, use disconnect.
  filter.close();
};

function listener(details) {
  let filter = browser.webRequest.filterResponseData(details.requestId);
  let decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8");
  let encoder = new TextEncoder();

  filter.ondata = (event) => {
    let str = decoder.decode(event.data, { stream: true });
    // Just change any instance of Example in the HTTP response
    // to WebExtension Example.
    str = str.replace(/Example/g, "WebExtension Example");
    filter.write(encoder.encode(str));
    filter.disconnect();
  };

  return {};
}

browser.webRequest.onBeforeRequest.addListener(
  listener,
  { urls: ["https://example.com/*"], types: ["main_frame"] },
  ["blocking"],
);