Django 教程第 10 部分：测试 Django Web 应用程序

class YourTestClass(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Setup run before every test method.
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        # Clean up run after every test method.
        pass

    def test_something_that_will_pass(self):
        self.assertFalse(False)

    def test_something_that_will_fail(self):
        self.assertTrue(False)

class Author(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    date_of_birth = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)
    date_of_death = models.DateField('Died', null=True, blank=True)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('author-detail', args=[str(self.id)])

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s, %s' % (self.last_name, self.first_name)

from django.test import TestCase

# Create your tests here.

class YourTestClass(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        print("setUpTestData: Run once to set up non-modified data for all class methods.")
        pass

    def setUp(self):
        print("setUp: Run once for every test method to set up clean data.")
        pass

    def test_false_is_false(self):
        print("Method: test_false_is_false.")
        self.assertFalse(False)

    def test_false_is_true(self):
        print("Method: test_false_is_true.")
        self.assertTrue(False)

    def test_one_plus_one_equals_two(self):
        print("Method: test_one_plus_one_equals_two.")
        self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)

python3 manage.py test

> python3 manage.py test

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
setUpTestData: Run once to set up non-modified data for all class methods.
setUp: Run once for every test method to set up clean data.
Method: test_false_is_false.
setUp: Run once for every test method to set up clean data.
Method: test_false_is_true.
setUp: Run once for every test method to set up clean data.
Method: test_one_plus_one_equals_two.
.
======================================================================
FAIL: test_false_is_true (catalog.tests.tests_models.YourTestClass)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\GitHub\django_tmp\library_w_t_2\locallibrary\catalog\tests\tests_models.py", line 22, in test_false_is_true
    self.assertTrue(False)
AssertionError: False is not true

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.075s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

python3 manage.py test --verbosity 2

python3 manage.py test --parallel auto

# Run the specified module
python3 manage.py test catalog.tests

# Run the specified module
python3 manage.py test catalog.tests.test_models

# Run the specified class
python3 manage.py test catalog.tests.test_models.YourTestClass

# Run the specified method
python3 manage.py test catalog.tests.test_models.YourTestClass.test_one_plus_one_equals_two

class Author(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    date_of_birth = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)
    date_of_death = models.DateField('Died', null=True, blank=True)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('author-detail', args=[str(self.id)])

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.last_name}, {self.first_name}'

from django.test import TestCase

from catalog.models import Author

class AuthorModelTest(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        # Set up non-modified objects used by all test methods
        Author.objects.create(first_name='Big', last_name='Bob')

    def test_first_name_label(self):
        author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
        field_label = author._meta.get_field('first_name').verbose_name
        self.assertEqual(field_label, 'first name')

    def test_date_of_death_label(self):
        author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
        field_label = author._meta.get_field('date_of_death').verbose_name
        self.assertEqual(field_label, 'died')

    def test_first_name_max_length(self):
        author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
        max_length = author._meta.get_field('first_name').max_length
        self.assertEqual(max_length, 100)

    def test_object_name_is_last_name_comma_first_name(self):
        author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
        expected_object_name = f'{author.last_name}, {author.first_name}'
        self.assertEqual(str(author), expected_object_name)

    def test_get_absolute_url(self):
        author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
        # This will also fail if the urlconf is not defined.
        self.assertEqual(author.get_absolute_url(), '/catalog/author/1')

# Get an author object to test
author = Author.objects.get(id=1)

# Get the metadata for the required field and use it to query the required field data
field_label = author._meta.get_field('first_name').verbose_name

# Compare the value to the expected result
self.assertEqual(field_label, 'first name')

def test_object_name_is_last_name_comma_first_name(self):
    author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
    expected_object_name = f'{author.last_name}, {author.first_name}'
    self.assertEqual(str(author), expected_object_name)

def test_get_absolute_url(self):
    author = Author.objects.get(id=1)
    # This will also fail if the urlconf is not defined.
    self.assertEqual(author.get_absolute_url(), '/catalog/author/1')

======================================================================
FAIL: test_date_of_death_label (catalog.tests.test_models.AuthorModelTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\...\locallibrary\catalog\tests\test_models.py", line 32, in test_date_of_death_label
    self.assertEqual(field_label,'died')
AssertionError: 'Died' != 'died'
- Died
? ^
+ died
? ^

class RenewBookForm(forms.Form):
    """Form for a librarian to renew books."""
    renewal_date = forms.DateField(help_text="Enter a date between now and 4 weeks (default 3).")

    def clean_renewal_date(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data['renewal_date']

        # Check if a date is not in the past.
        if data < datetime.date.today():
            raise ValidationError(_('Invalid date - renewal in past'))

        # Check if date is in the allowed range (+4 weeks from today).
        if data > datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=4):
            raise ValidationError(_('Invalid date - renewal more than 4 weeks ahead'))

        # Remember to always return the cleaned data.
        return data

import datetime

from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import timezone

from catalog.forms import RenewBookForm

class RenewBookFormTest(TestCase):
    def test_renew_form_date_field_label(self):
        form = RenewBookForm()
        self.assertTrue(form.fields['renewal_date'].label is None or form.fields['renewal_date'].label == 'renewal date')

    def test_renew_form_date_field_help_text(self):
        form = RenewBookForm()
        self.assertEqual(form.fields['renewal_date'].help_text, 'Enter a date between now and 4 weeks (default 3).')

    def test_renew_form_date_in_past(self):
        date = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        form = RenewBookForm(data={'renewal_date': date})
        self.assertFalse(form.is_valid())

    def test_renew_form_date_too_far_in_future(self):
        date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=4) + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        form = RenewBookForm(data={'renewal_date': date})
        self.assertFalse(form.is_valid())

    def test_renew_form_date_today(self):
        date = datetime.date.today()
        form = RenewBookForm(data={'renewal_date': date})
        self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())

    def test_renew_form_date_max(self):
        date = timezone.localtime() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)
        form = RenewBookForm(data={'renewal_date': date})
        self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())

class AuthorListView(generic.ListView):
    model = Author
    paginate_by = 10

from django.test import TestCase
from django.urls import reverse

from catalog.models import Author

class AuthorListViewTest(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        # Create 13 authors for pagination tests
        number_of_authors = 13

        for author_id in range(number_of_authors):
            Author.objects.create(
                first_name=f'Dominique {author_id}',
                last_name=f'Surname {author_id}',
            )

    def test_view_url_exists_at_desired_location(self):
        response = self.client.get('/catalog/authors/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_view_url_accessible_by_name(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('authors'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_view_uses_correct_template(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('authors'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'catalog/author_list.html')

    def test_pagination_is_ten(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('authors'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTrue('is_paginated' in response.context)
        self.assertTrue(response.context['is_paginated'] == True)
        self.assertEqual(len(response.context['author_list']), 10)

    def test_lists_all_authors(self):
        # Get second page and confirm it has (exactly) remaining 3 items
        response = self.client.get(reverse('authors')+'?page=2')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertTrue('is_paginated' in response.context)
        self.assertTrue(response.context['is_paginated'] == True)
        self.assertEqual(len(response.context['author_list']), 3)

response = self.client.get('/catalog/authors/')
response = self.client.get(reverse('authors'))

from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin

class LoanedBooksByUserListView(LoginRequiredMixin, generic.ListView):
    """Generic class-based view listing books on loan to current user."""
    model = BookInstance
    template_name ='catalog/bookinstance_list_borrowed_user.html'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        return BookInstance.objects.filter(borrower=self.request.user).filter(status__exact='o').order_by('due_back')

import datetime

from django.utils import timezone

# Get user model from settings
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()

from catalog.models import BookInstance, Book, Genre, Language

class LoanedBookInstancesByUserListViewTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Create two users
        test_user1 = User.objects.create_user(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        test_user2 = User.objects.create_user(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')

        test_user1.save()
        test_user2.save()

        # Create a book
        test_author = Author.objects.create(first_name='John', last_name='Smith')
        test_genre = Genre.objects.create(name='Fantasy')
        test_language = Language.objects.create(name='English')
        test_book = Book.objects.create(
            title='Book Title',
            summary='My book summary',
            isbn='ABCDEFG',
            author=test_author,
            language=test_language,
        )

        # Create genre as a post-step
        genre_objects_for_book = Genre.objects.all()
        test_book.genre.set(genre_objects_for_book) # Direct assignment of many-to-many types not allowed.
        test_book.save()

        # Create 30 BookInstance objects
        number_of_book_copies = 30
        for book_copy in range(number_of_book_copies):
            return_date = timezone.localtime() + datetime.timedelta(days=book_copy%5)
            the_borrower = test_user1 if book_copy % 2 else test_user2
            status = 'm'
            BookInstance.objects.create(
                book=test_book,
                imprint='Unlikely Imprint, 2016',
                due_back=return_date,
                borrower=the_borrower,
                status=status,
            )

    def test_redirect_if_not_logged_in(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('my-borrowed'))
        self.assertRedirects(response, '/accounts/login/?next=/catalog/mybooks/')

    def test_logged_in_uses_correct_template(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('my-borrowed'))

        # Check our user is logged in
        self.assertEqual(str(response.context['user']), 'testuser1')
        # Check that we got a response "success"
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check we used correct template
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'catalog/bookinstance_list_borrowed_user.html')

    def test_only_borrowed_books_in_list(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('my-borrowed'))

        # Check our user is logged in
        self.assertEqual(str(response.context['user']), 'testuser1')
        # Check that we got a response "success"
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check that initially we don't have any books in list (none on loan)
        self.assertTrue('bookinstance_list' in response.context)
        self.assertEqual(len(response.context['bookinstance_list']), 0)

        # Now change all books to be on loan
        books = BookInstance.objects.all()[:10]

        for book in books:
            book.status = 'o'
            book.save()

        # Check that now we have borrowed books in the list
        response = self.client.get(reverse('my-borrowed'))
        # Check our user is logged in
        self.assertEqual(str(response.context['user']), 'testuser1')
        # Check that we got a response "success"
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        self.assertTrue('bookinstance_list' in response.context)

        # Confirm all books belong to testuser1 and are on loan
        for bookitem in response.context['bookinstance_list']:
            self.assertEqual(response.context['user'], bookitem.borrower)
            self.assertEqual(bookitem.status, 'o')

    def test_pages_ordered_by_due_date(self):
        # Change all books to be on loan
        for book in BookInstance.objects.all():
            book.status='o'
            book.save()

        login = self.client.login(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('my-borrowed'))

        # Check our user is logged in
        self.assertEqual(str(response.context['user']), 'testuser1')
        # Check that we got a response "success"
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Confirm that of the items, only 10 are displayed due to pagination.
        self.assertEqual(len(response.context['bookinstance_list']), 10)

        last_date = 0
        for book in response.context['bookinstance_list']:
            if last_date == 0:
                last_date = book.due_back
            else:
                self.assertTrue(last_date <= book.due_back)
                last_date = book.due_back

from catalog.forms import RenewBookForm

@permission_required('catalog.can_mark_returned')
def renew_book_librarian(request, pk):
    """View function for renewing a specific BookInstance by librarian."""
    book_instance = get_object_or_404(BookInstance, pk=pk)

    # If this is a POST request then process the Form data
    if request.method == 'POST':

        # Create a form instance and populate it with data from the request (binding):
        book_renewal_form = RenewBookForm(request.POST)

        # Check if the form is valid:
        if form.is_valid():
            # process the data in form.cleaned_data as required (here we just write it to the model due_back field)
            book_instance.due_back = form.cleaned_data['renewal_date']
            book_instance.save()

            # redirect to a new URL:
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('all-borrowed'))

    # If this is a GET (or any other method) create the default form
    else:
        proposed_renewal_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)
        book_renewal_form = RenewBookForm(initial={'renewal_date': proposed_renewal_date})

    context = {
        'book_renewal_form': book_renewal_form,
        'book_instance': book_instance,
    }

    return render(request, 'catalog/book_renew_librarian.html', context)

import uuid

from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission # Required to grant the permission needed to set a book as returned.

class RenewBookInstancesViewTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Create a user
        test_user1 = User.objects.create_user(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        test_user2 = User.objects.create_user(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')

        test_user1.save()
        test_user2.save()

        # Give test_user2 permission to renew books.
        permission = Permission.objects.get(name='Set book as returned')
        test_user2.user_permissions.add(permission)
        test_user2.save()

        # Create a book
        test_author = Author.objects.create(first_name='John', last_name='Smith')
        test_genre = Genre.objects.create(name='Fantasy')
        test_language = Language.objects.create(name='English')
        test_book = Book.objects.create(
            title='Book Title',
            summary='My book summary',
            isbn='ABCDEFG',
            author=test_author,
            language=test_language,
        )

        # Create genre as a post-step
        genre_objects_for_book = Genre.objects.all()
        test_book.genre.set(genre_objects_for_book) # Direct assignment of many-to-many types not allowed.
        test_book.save()

        # Create a BookInstance object for test_user1
        return_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=5)
        self.test_bookinstance1 = BookInstance.objects.create(
            book=test_book,
            imprint='Unlikely Imprint, 2016',
            due_back=return_date,
            borrower=test_user1,
            status='o',
        )

        # Create a BookInstance object for test_user2
        return_date = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=5)
        self.test_bookinstance2 = BookInstance.objects.create(
            book=test_book,
            imprint='Unlikely Imprint, 2016',
            due_back=return_date,
            borrower=test_user2,
            status='o',
        )

   def test_redirect_if_not_logged_in(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}))
        # Manually check redirect (Can't use assertRedirect, because the redirect URL is unpredictable)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)
        self.assertTrue(response.url.startswith('/accounts/login/'))

    def test_forbidden_if_logged_in_but_not_correct_permission(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser1', password='1X<ISRUkw+tuK')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)

    def test_logged_in_with_permission_borrowed_book(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance2.pk}))

        # Check that it lets us login - this is our book and we have the right permissions.
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_logged_in_with_permission_another_users_borrowed_book(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}))

        # Check that it lets us login. We're a librarian, so we can view any users book
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_HTTP404_for_invalid_book_if_logged_in(self):
        # unlikely UID to match our bookinstance!
        test_uid = uuid.uuid4()
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk':test_uid}))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_uses_correct_template(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        # Check we used correct template
        self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'catalog/book_renew_librarian.html')

    def test_form_renewal_date_initially_has_date_three_weeks_in_future(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

        date_3_weeks_in_future = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)
        self.assertEqual(response.context['form'].initial['renewal_date'], date_3_weeks_in_future)

    def test_redirects_to_all_borrowed_book_list_on_success(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        valid_date_in_future = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=2)
        response = self.client.post(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk':self.test_bookinstance1.pk,}), {'renewal_date':valid_date_in_future})
        self.assertRedirects(response, reverse('all-borrowed'))

    def test_form_invalid_renewal_date_past(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        date_in_past = datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(weeks=1)
        response = self.client.post(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}), {'renewal_date': date_in_past})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertFormError(response.context['form'], 'renewal_date', 'Invalid date - renewal in past')

    def test_form_invalid_renewal_date_future(self):
        login = self.client.login(username='testuser2', password='2HJ1vRV0Z&3iD')
        invalid_date_in_future = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(weeks=5)
        response = self.client.post(reverse('renew-book-librarian', kwargs={'pk': self.test_bookinstance1.pk}), {'renewal_date': invalid_date_in_future})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertFormError(response.context['form'], 'renewal_date', 'Invalid date - renewal more than 4 weeks ahead')

class AuthorCreate(PermissionRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    model = Author
    fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'date_of_birth', 'date_of_death']
    initial = {'date_of_death': '11/11/2023'}
    permission_required = 'catalog.add_author'

class AuthorCreateViewTest(TestCase):
    """Test case for the AuthorCreate view (Created as Challenge)."""

    def setUp(self):
        # Create a user
        test_user = User.objects.create_user(
            username='test_user', password='some_password')

        content_typeAuthor = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Author)
        permAddAuthor = Permission.objects.get(
            codename="add_author",
            content_type=content_typeAuthor,
        )

        test_user.user_permissions.add(permAddAuthor)
        test_user.save()